Kunxibelelwano lwangoku, i-aerospace, i-electronics yokhuselo, kunye ne-automation ye-industrial, uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu- kosasazo lwe-frequency yesignali enefuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Njengondoqo wothumelo oluphakathi oludibanisa-izixhobo zokuphindaphinda (ezifana nee-eriyali, i-amplifiers, kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo), iintambo zeRF zifuna ukuqwalaselwa okubanzi kwezinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukuhambelana kombane, ilahleko yokufaka, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokuqhelana nokusingqongileyo, kuyilo lwazo, ukhetho, kunye nokusasazwa. Eli nqaku, liqala kwimigaqo yobugcisa kunye nokudibanisa iimfuno zemeko eqhelekileyo, licacisa ngokucwangcisiweyo umgaqo woyilo kunye neendlela eziphambili zobunjineli kwizisombululo zentambo yeRF.
I. Iimpawu zobuGcisa ezingundoqo kunye neMingeni yeentambo zeRF
Umsebenzi obalulekileyo weentambo zeRF kukusasaza ngokufanelekileyo-iisignali zefrikhwensi ngaphezulu kwebhendi yamaza abanzi (ekholisa ukugquma amakhulu eMHz ukuya kumashumi eGHz) ngelixa kucinezelwa ukuvuza kwamandla kunye nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Iimpawu zabo zobugcisa zingashwankathelwa kwezi zikhombisi zilandelayo:
1. UkuTshaniswa koMba woMkhwa
Ukusebenza kweesistim zeRF kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-impedance consistency. Ukuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya i-50Ω (esetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amandla kunye nonxibelelwano) kunye ne-75Ω (esetyenziselwa kakhulu izibonakaliso zevidiyo / zeTV). Ukuba ukungahambelani kwe-impedance phakathi kwentambo kunye nojongano lwesixhobo (umzekelo, ukutenxa okungaphezulu kwe-±2Ω) kwenzeka, ukubonakalisa umqondiso kuya kwenzeka, kubonakala njengokunyuka komlinganiselo wamaza okuma (VSWR), nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kwaye inokonakalisa amacandelo okugqibela{7}}.
2. Ukulawulwa kwelahleko yokufaka
Xa -imiqondiso yefrikhwensi ephezulu ihanjiswa ngeentambo, i-amplitude yomqondiso ibola ngokukhawuleza ngomgama ngenxa yesiphumo somqhubi wesikhumba, ilahleko ye-dielectric polarization, kunye nokulahleka kwemitha. Ilahleko yokufaka (iiyunithi: dB/m okanye dB/100ft) yiparameter ephambili yokulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kwekhebula.-uyilo lwelahleko olusezantsi lufuna izixhobo zokuqhuba (ezifana neoksijini{5}}i-copper yasimahla okanye isilivere yeplating), imathiriyeli ye-dielectric (efana ne-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) okanye umoya{6}}izakhiwo ezigcwalisiweyo), kunye nokukhusela imfezeko.
3. UkuKhusela ukusebenza ngokuSebenzayo kunye nokuNxhathisa kokuNxhathisa
Iintambo zeRF zihlala zisebenza kwindawo eyomeleleyo ye-electromagnetic (ezifana nezo zikufuphi nezikhululo zeradar kunye nezikhululo ezisisiseko). Ingxolo yangaphandle ye-electromagnetic (efana neesignali zonxibelelwano oluphathwayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic) inokudityaniswa kwintambo, kwaye iisignali zangaphakathi zinokusasaza kwaye ziphazamise izixhobo ezikufutshane. Ukhuseleko oluphezulu (oluqhelekile ukuba luKhulu okanye lulingana no-80dB) luxhomekeke kumaleko amaninzi -elukiweyo ikhaka (elifana nekopolo enkonkxiweyo + nefoyile yealuminiyam eyakhiwe ngefoyile edityanisiweyo) okanye isiqingatha-uyilo oluqinileyo lwesakhiwo secoaxial, ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukuqhubeka kwekhaka kunye nokuthembeka komhlaba.
4. Ukuziqhelanisa noomatshini nokusiNgqongileyo
Ekufakweni okwenyani, iintambo zinokuba sesichengeni kwiimeko ezinje ngokugoba (umzekelo, uqhagamshelo oludibeneyo lwerobhothi), ukungcangcazela (umzekelo, izincedisi zenjini yenqwelomoya), amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo (-}55℃ukuya +200℃), kunye nokutyiwa kwemichiza (umzekelo, isitshizi setyuwa yaselwandle). Ke ngoko, imathiriyeli ye-sheath yangaphandle (umzekelo,{12}}i-polyimide ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, i-polyurethane enganxibi) kunye namandla olwakhiwo (umzekelo, uyilo lomaleko wesikrweqe) kufuneka lulungiselelwe iimeko ezithile.
II. IziCwangciso zoYilo lweSisombululo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo
1. IZikhululo eziSiseko zoNxibelelwano kunye neeNkqubo zoNxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo
Iinkqubo zesiseko se-eriyali yesitishi esisisiseko zifuna ilahleko ephantsi kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kwiintambo zeRF. Kwi-5G ephezulu -iibhendi zefrikhwensi (ezifana ne-millimeter wave kwi-28 GHz), iintambo zesiqhelo ze-semi-ezibhetyebhetye (ezinokulahlekelwa malunga ne-0.5 dB/ft kwi-28 GHz) azisanele kuthumelo olude{7}}lomgama. I-Ultra-ephantsi{10}}ilahleko ephakathi{11}}iintambo eziqinileyo (ezifana nedielectric yomoya enenkxaso ejikelezayo, enokunciphisa ilahleko ukuya ku-0.15 dB/ft kwi-28 GHz) okanye izisombululo ze-hybrid waveguide ziyafuneka. Ngaphaya koko, iziqhagamshelo zentambo (ezifana nohlobo lwe-N{15}} kunye ne-SMA) kufuneka zisebenzise igolide{16}}uqhagamshelwano olucwangcisiweyo ukunciphisa ukunganyangeki, kunye nezitywini zokungangeni manzi (ezifana nezo zinomlinganiselo we-IP68) kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukunqanda ukungaphumeleli kwe-oxidation okubangelwa kukungena kwamanzi emvula.
2. I-Aerospace kunye ne-Electronics yoKhuselo
Kwinqwelomoya kunye neesathelayithi, iintambo zeRF kufuneka ngaxeshanye zihlangabezane neemfuno zokukhanya (i-10%-20% yokunciphisa ubunzima inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kakuhle komthwalo wokuhlawula), ukumelana neemeko ezingqongileyo (ezifana nokugcina ukuguquguquka kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi njenge -60℃), kunye nokuxhathisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic pulse (EMP). IMicro{8}}iintambo zecoaxial (idayimitha yangaphandle Ngaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-1.5mm, zilungele ukukheyibhile kwiindawo ezivaliweyo) zidla ngokusetyenziswa. I-Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) idielectric isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ukuguquguquka kwedielectric kunye nokuzinza kweqondo lobushushu, kwaye umaleko okhuselayo yisilivere ephindwe kabini{12}}yomaleko wesilivere{14}}iplatiwe yobhedu enenatha + ifoyile yealuminiyam isakhiwo esiyintlanganisela (ukusebenza kokhuselo Okukhulu kunoko okanye kuyalingana no-90dB). Ngapha koko, zonke izixhobo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwi-MIL-STD-202 (uvavanyo lokungcangcazela/ubushushu obumanzi) kunye ne-MIL-STD-810 (uvavanyo lokothuka).
3. Iinkqubo zeLebhu kunye noVavanyo oluchanekileyo
Uvavanyo oluphezulu-olufana ne-vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration) lufuna iintambo ezinozinzo oluphantsi kakhulu kunye nokuphinda-phinda (ngokwesiqhelo<0.05°/m @ 18GHz). Semi-flexible cables are preferred for their flexibility and low phase variation. They utilize a solid polyethylene (PE) dielectric (for stable dielectric constant) and a tightly braided shield (to minimize structural deformation during bending). Furthermore, specialized test-grade connectors (such as the 2.92mm series, which can withstand repeated insertion and removal without affecting VSWR) must be used in the test system, and regular calibration must be performed to compensate for loss drift introduced by cable aging.
III. Iingqwalasela eziPhambili Ngexesha loPhumezo lweProjekthi
1. Ukukhetha kunye neMithetho-siseko ehambelanayo
Ukukhetha uhlobo lwentambo kufuneka lusekelwe kuluhlu lwamaza ophawu (umzekelo, DC - 1 GHz, 1 -} 18 GHz, okanye ngaphezulu), amandla othumelo (umzekelo, milliwatt -imiqondiso yomgangatho wovavanyo okanye i-kilowatt -amandla othumelo lomgangatho), kunye nemekobume yekheyibhuli (ufakelo olusisigxina lwangaphakathi okanye ikhonkco lotsalo lwangaphandle). -iintambo eziqinileyo zilungele ukuhanjiswa kwamandla aphezulu{14}ezindleleni ezizinzileyo, iintambo eziguquguqukayo zilungele ukuqhagamshela izixhobo ezineemfuno zokugoba eziphakathi, kwaye iintambo ezibhetyebhetye zikhethwa ukuba zihambe rhoqo (umzekelo, abasebenzisi bokugqibela berobhothi).
2. Iinkcukacha zoFakelo
Iradiyasi yokugoba kufuneka ingabi ngaphantsi kweyona xabiso liphantsi lentambo (ngokuqhelekileyo 5- umphinda-phinde ka-10 wedayamitha yangaphandle). Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kunokubangela ukuqhekeka kwinqanaba le-dielectric okanye ukuphuka kwi-shielding layer. I-Connector welding / crimping kufuneka yenziwe ziingcali (umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-torque wrench ukulawula i-torque eqinisayo) ukuphepha ukudibanisa okuxekekileyo okanye ukunyanzeliswa okugqithisileyo okunokonakalisa abaqhubi. Ukuhanjiswa kwexesha elide, kucetyiswa ukuba ungeze i-amplifier yesignali okanye i-equalizer ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo (umzekelo, i-10-15 yeemitha) ukuhlawulela ilahleko.
3. ULondolozo kunye nokuBeka iliso
Vavanya rhoqo i-VSWR yekhebula (ixabiso ekujoliswe kulo Ngaphantsi okanye elilingana ne-1.2: 1), ilahleko yokufaka (ukutenxa kwixabiso lokuqala Ngaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-10%), kunye nokuqhubeka kwekhaka (ukumelana Ngaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-5 mΩ / m). Kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo, sebenzisa iimodyuli zokubeka iliso kwi-intanethi (umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-coefficient yokubonisa ukuvavanya impilo yekhebula ngexesha langempela) ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza amacandelo okuguga okanye awonakeleyo ukukhusela ukusilela kwenkqubo.
Ukuqukumbela
Uyilo lwezisombululo zentambo ye-RF lufuna ukudityaniswa okunzulu kwethiyori ye-electromagnetic, inzululwazi yemathiriyeli, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nobunjineli, ukulungelelanisa ukulinganisa i-impedance, ulawulo lwelahleko, kunye-nokuphazamiseka kwezicwangciso kwiimfuno ezithile zeemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-5G/6G yonxibelelwano, i-intanethi yesathelayithi, kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwe-quantum, iintambo zeRF ziya kuguqukela kwi-Ultra-wideband (egquma i-0.1-100 GHz), ilahleko ephantsi ye-ultra-(ilahleko <0.01 dB/m @ 30 GHz), kunye ne-30 GHz self{10}}izakhono zokuxilonga), ukubonelela ngenkxaso yomaleko othembekileyo wokuhanjiswa komqondiso we-frequency ephezulu.